考研英语语法重要吗_2019考研英语语法全面举例讲解【三篇】

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考研网权威发布2019考研英语语法全面举例讲解【三篇】,更多2019考研英语语法全面举例讲解【三篇】相关信息请访问考研网。

【导语】愿你插上一对有力的翅膀。坚韧地飞吧,不要为风雨所折服;诚挚地飞吧,不要为香甜的蜜汁所陶醉。朝着明确的目标,飞向美好的未来。以下是为大家整理的《2019考研英语语法全面举例讲解【三篇】》供您查阅。

  

【篇一:动词不定式作主语】

  在不定式短语作主语的句子中,往往用 it 作形式主语,而不把不定式短语放在句子的后面。如:

  To die like that is a terrible thing.=It is a terrible thing to die like that.

  象那样死去是一件可怕的事。( it 作形式主语,把真正的主语to die like that放在后面)

  To know oneself is difficult.=It’s difficult to know oneself.

  有自知之明不容易。

  To tell a lie is not always easy.= It’s not always easy to tell a lie.

  撒谎并非总是容易。

  Never to offend anyone is my principle. 永远不得罪任何人就是我的原则。

  It’s against nature to remain single. 保持单身是违反自然的。

  To see is to believe.   眼见为实。

  For a dog to die like that is a terrible thing. = It is a terrible thing for a dog to die like that.

  一条狗象那样死去是一件可怕的事。(for a dog是不定式的主语)

  For one to know everything is impossible.= It’s impossible for one to know everything.

  一个人什么都知道是不可能的。

  For his brother John to go to sea seems natural.= It seems natural for his brother John to go to sea. 他兄弟John去当水手是很自然的事。

  It’ll be a great shame for you to forget her. 你要是把她忘了,那可太不应该了。

  It’s not proper for us not to accept the invitation. 我们不接受邀请不合适。(否定)

  It has not yet been decided when and where to discuss her resignation. 何时何地讨论她的辞职还没定。

  但是,下列形容词做表语时,不定式的逻辑主语由 of 引出:

  careless粗心的,clever聪明的,cruel残忍的,foolish愚蠢的,good好的,kind好心的 ,naughty淘气的,nice好的,polite礼貌的,right正确的,rude无礼的 ,silly愚蠢的,stupid傻的,unwise不明智的,wise明智的,wrong错误的,等等。

  为什么这些词要用 of 引出不定式呢?

  因为这些形容词都是描写人的性格和特点的形容词。“It is + 形容词 +of sb + to do sth”这样的句型更强调某人如何如何,可以改写为:“Sb + be + 形容词 + to do sth.” 而“for sb to do sth”这一结构更强调做某事如何如何。例如:

  1、 It is difficult for me to learn English. 更强调学英语很难,不能写成

     I am difficult to learn English. (这句话含有逻辑错误。)

  2、 It is unwise of you to go to the United States at this time. =You are unwise to go to the United States at this time. 强调你不明智。

  It’s very kind of you to come to see us off. =You’re kind to come to see us off. 你来为我们送行太好了。

  It’s unwise of him to drink and smoke so much.=He is unwise to drink and smoke so much. 他喝这么多酒、抽这么多烟是不明智的。

  It’s extremely cruel of John to kill animals. John杀害动物真是残忍之极。

  It’s rude/polite of Jack to say this to her.  Jack对她说这个,很无礼/礼貌。

  

【篇二:被动语态】

  (一)简介

  在英语中,语态是动词的一种形式,表示主语和谓语的关系。英语动词有两种语态,即主动语态和被动语态。主动语态(active voice) 表示主语是动作的执行者;被动语态(passive voice)表示主语是动作的承受者。如:

  Saddam is being tried. 萨达姆正在接受审判。

  The Iraqi government is trying Saddam. 伊拉克政府正在审判萨达姆。

  More and more people use computers now.(主动语态)

  Computers are more and more widely used now.(被动语态)

  English is spoken all over the world. (被动语态)

  (二)英汉两种语言在表达被动方式上的差异

  汉语表达被动语态非常简单明了,用“被”“遭”“受”等词来表示,如“被捕”、“被杀”、“受到*”等。而英语表达被动的方式也不复杂,用“助动词be+动词的过去分词”表示。其中助动词be有人称、数量和时态的变化,而这正是英语被动语态的难点。

  (三)被动语态的构成

  被动语态由“be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。这里要强调一定是及物动词的过去分词,因为不及物动词不能带宾语,也就不可能有被动语态。英语主动语态有16个时态;被动语态常用的有8个,以give为例说明如下:

  考研英语完型、阅读、翻译及写作都不开语法知识,语法是基础,考生一定要熟悉,且灵活的掌握。2017考研复习之初,今天给大家讲解语法知识点,希望考生能够从现在日积月累,最终质变提升。下面讲解的是关于省略结构的知识点,大家请看:

时态 动词形式 一般现在时 Am/is/aregiven 一般过去时 Was/weregiven 一般将来时 Shall/willbe given 现在进行时 Am/is/arebeing given 过去进行时 Was/werebeing given 过去将来时 Should/wouldbe given 现在完成时 Has/havebeen given 过去完成时 Hadbeen given

  2019考研英语语法小讲:

  被动语态的疑问句是将第一个助动词移到主语之前、句末用问号;否定式是在第一个助动词后加not或never等其他否定词、句末用句号。如:

  “During the interview, were you asked questions in English?” “No, I wasn’t asked questions in English.” “面试的时候,用英语问你问题了吗?”“没有,没有用英语问我问题。”

  The origin of the universe will probably never be explained. 宇宙的起源大概永远也不会被解释清楚。

  Is the restaurant being decorated? 那家餐馆正在装修吗?

  The restaurant is not being decorated. In the fact the restaurant has never been decorated。 那家餐馆没有在装修。实际上,那家餐馆从来没有装修过。

  (四)被动语态的用法

  1、不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者。换个说法,有一件事情不知道是谁干的或者不想说出是谁干的,这时就用被动语态。例如:

  I felt a littlie nervous when I was being interviewed. 我接受面试的时候,有点紧张。

  These fighters are imported from Russia. 这些战斗机是从*进口的。

  That place has been turned into a swimming pool. 那个地方已被变成游泳池。

  2、说话或发表意见时,为了显得客观公正,也常用被动语态

  He’s said/believed/reported to be in the U. S. A. 据说/据信/据报道他在美国。

  还有下列常用句型(that后面跟句子):

  It is said that……. 据说

  It is reported that……. 据报道

  It is hoped that……. 希望

  It is believed that……. 人们相信

  It is announced that……. 据宣布

  it is (well) known that……. 众所周知

  It has been decided that……. 已经决定

  It is supposed that……. 人们认为

  It is suggested that……. 有人建议

  It must be remembered that……. 务必记住

  It is taken for granted that……. 被视为当然

  (五)主动句变被动句的注意事项

  一是时态不能改变;二是变为被动语态后,谓语动词要和被动语态的主语在人称、数上保持一致。还要作如下变动:把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语;主动语态的主语放在by的后面,组成介词短语,再把这个介词短语放在被动语态的谓语动词之后。在动作的执行者无须说明或不必要强调时,by短语可以省略。例如:

  They will open a new supermarket there soon. 他们很快将在那里开办个新超市。

  A new supermarket will be opened there soon. 一个新超市不久将在那里开办。

  The doctor gave two lectures in English. 那位医生用英语讲了两次课。

  Two lectures were given by the doctor in English. 由那位医生用英语讲了两次课。

  Somebody has warned us to be careful of rats. 有人警告我们要当心老鼠。

  We have been warned to be careful of rats. 我们受到警告,要当心老鼠。

  如果主动语态有两个宾语(直接宾语和间接宾语),变为被动语态时,可将其中任何一个宾语变为主语,另一个不变。但较常见的是将间接宾语变为被动语态的主语。

  The reporters asked the president some questions. 记者们问了总统一些问题。

  The president was asked some questions by the reporters. ( 变间接宾语为主语)

  Some questions were asked the president by the reporters. (变直接宾语为主语)

  We have given him a job. 我们已给了他一个工作。

  He has been given a job. (变间接宾语为主语)

  A job has been given (to) him. (变直接宾语为主语)

  (六)含有情态动词的被动语态

  句中含有情态动词时,其被动语态的结构是:情态动词+be+过去分词:

  The timetable can be changed any time. 时间表随时可以改变。

  This book may not be taken out of the reading room. 这本书不允许带出阅览室。

  This dictionary must be taken good care of. 这本词典必须保管好。

  (七)关于被动语态的几点说明

  1、有些动词形式上是主动,意义上是被动。例如:

  School begins in September. 学校九月份开学。

  The library doesn’t open on Sunday. 图书馆星期天不开放。

  The machine runs well. 这台机器容易操作。

  My pen writes well. 我的钢笔好使。

  The cloth washes well. 这料子耐洗。

  The dictionary sells well. 这词典销路很好。

  The book hardly sells. 这书买不出去。

  The door will not shut/lock. 门关/锁不上。

  2、make, see, watch, hear, notice, feel等使役动词和感官动词的宾语后面可以接不带to的不定式作宾补。但在被动语态中,不定式符号to必须补上。例如:

  They made him go. 他们让他去。

  He was made to go. 他被要求去了。

  I heard him say good-bye to his friends. 我听见他向他的朋友说再见。

  He was heard to say good-bye to his friends. 有人听到他向他的朋友说再见。

  3、除助动词be外,动词get有时也可跟过去分词构成被动语态,是比较口语化的一种被动语态。这种结构中很少用by短语。例如:

  I got lost in the huge market. 在那个巨大的市场中我迷失了方向。

  You might get killed/hurt. 你会送命/受伤的。

  In the end this story got translated into English. 这故事最后被译成了英文。

  His car got damaged in a road accident.  他的车在交通事故中被毁了。

  4、“have/get+宾语+过去分词”这个句型也表达了一种被动的意思。如:

  I’ll have the bike repaired in no time. 我一会就把自行车修好。

  I had my wallet stolen/lost last Sunday when I was shopping. 上星期天买东西的时候我的钱夹被盗。

  He got his leg broken when playing football.  踢足球的时候他把腿弄断了。

  I bought these books at a discount and had two hundred dollars saved. 我打折买了这些书,省了两百美元。

  5、在need, want, require后面,主动的-ing形式表达被动的意思:

  My watch needs cleaning. (=…needs to be cleaned) 我的表需要清洗。

  Your garden needs watering. (=…to be watered) 你的花园需要浇水。

  Does your suit require pressing, sir? 先生,您的衣服要烫吗?

  

【篇三:过去将来时】

  (1)由should/would + 动词原形构成。第一人称用should; 第二、三人称用would。美国英语所有人称一律用would. should/would 的简略形式为’d, 如I’d, you’d; would not 和should not的简略形式分别为wouldn’t 和shouldn’t.

  (2)过去将来时表示从过去某时间看将要发生的事情,多用在宾语从句中。还可以表示过去的倾向或过去经常发生的事情。如:

  They asked me if I would go to Guangzhou soon. 他们问我是否很快要去广州。

  She told me she would come again next week. 她和我说她下周还来。

  I told him to leave immediately, but he wouldn’t. 我告诉他马上离开,但他不。

  He’d play the violin when he was in low spirits. 他情绪低落的时候,就拉小提琴。

  When I was in college, I would find a part-time job during the summer holidays every year to earn my tuition. 我上大学的时候,每年暑假都找份临时工挣学费。

  (3)其他表示过去将来时的结构:

  


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